In human cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), the immune response is mainly mediated by T-cells. The role of CD8+ T-lymphocytes, which are related to healing or deleterious functions, in affecting clinical outcome is controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate T-cell receptor diversity in late-differentiated effector (LDE) and memory CD8+ T-cell subsets in order to create a profile of specific clones engaged in deleterious or protective CL immune responses. Healthy subjects, patients with active disease (PAD) and clinically cured patients were enrolled in the study. Total CD8+ T-lymphocytes showed a disturbance in the expression of the Vβ2, Vβ9, Vβ13.2, Vβ18 and Vβ23 families. The analyses of CD8+ T-lymphocyte subsets showed high frequencies of LDE CD8+ T-lymphocytes expressing Vβ12 and Vβ22 in PAD, as well as effector-memory CD8+ T-cells expressing Vβ22. We also observed low frequencies of effector and central-memory CD8+ T-cells expressing Vβ2 in PAD, which correlated with a greater lesion size. Particular Vβ expansions point to CD8+ T-cell clones that are selected during CL immune responses, suggesting that CD8+ T-lymphocytes expressing Vβ12 or Vβ22 are involved in a LDE response and that Vβ2 contractions in memory CD8+ T-cells are associated with larger lesions.

O texto situa o nascimento do Dieese com o objetivo singular de realizar pesquisas e estudos a partir da ótica da classe trabalhadora. O Dieese nasce para tentar produzir conhecimento em bases científicas, visando apoiar a disputa da classe trabalhadora pela distribuição de renda nacional. Relaciona os momentos de transformação da sociedade brasileira às principais pesquisas e atividades desenvolvidas pela instituição. Assim, os estudos e as pesquisas (inflação, custo de vida, cesta básica, salário mínimo, política salarial, emprego e desemprego, educação) surgem "datados" historicamente na vida do Departamento e estão ligados aos desafios daquele momento para os trabalhadores.

This article describes the birth of the institution Dieese, created with the sole purpose of carrying out research from the perspective of the working class. Dieese seeks to produce scientifically based knowledge in support of workers' demands for more equitable income distribution. This article links historical turning points affecting Brazilian society to the institution's major research projects and activities. Thus, the various studies (inflation, cost of living, the staple goods index, the minimum wage, wage policy, employment/unemployment and education) appear chronologically within the history of Dieese and reflect the challenges facing the working class at each particular moment.

We study the asymptotic behavior of curvature and prove that the integral of curvature along a geodesic without conjugate points is nonpositive and some generalizations of Myers theorem and Cohn-Vossen's theorem. Some applications are also given.